Understand the structure of atoms and subatomic particles.
Nucleus
Electrons
Proton
Neutron
Atomic Number
Mass Number
Isotopes
Electron Shells
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Nucleus
The central part of an atom containing protons and neutrons.
Electrons
The negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom.
Proton
The subatomic particle with a positive charge found in the nucleus.
Neutron
The subatomic particle with no charge found in the nucleus.
Atomic Number
The number of protons in an atom's nucleus that defines the element.
Mass Number
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
Electron Shells
The regions around the nucleus where electrons are likely to be found.
Valence Electrons
The outermost electrons involved in chemical bonding.
Atomic Mass
Average mass of an atom, based on the weighted average of its natural isotopes.
Neutrons
The role of this particle in holding the nucleus together.
Ions
Atoms or molecules with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
Electron Configuration
The arrangement of electrons in the shell or energy levels of an atom.
Periodic Table
The arrangement of elements based on their atomic numbers, electron configurations, and recurring chemical properties.
Atomic Orbitals
The region in space where there is a high probability of finding an electron.
Atomic Radius
Half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined.
Protons
The element’s identity is determined by this number of subatomic particles in its nucleus.
Isotopes
The contribution of average mass of each isotope to the atomic mass of an element.
Electrons
The role of these particles in bonding atoms together to form compounds.
Ionization Energy
The energy required to remove an electron from the gaseous state of an atom or ion.
Hydrogen Atom
The first and simplest atom, one proton and one electron.
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