100 cards
The basic unit of all forms of life
The center of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons
Organelle that is the site of ATP production
Organelles that capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy in photosynthesis
Network of membranous structures within the cell involved in protein and lipid synthesis
Organelle that modifies, packages, and transports material out of the cell
Organelle that synthesizes proteins
Organelle that digests waste and damaged organelles
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The basic unit of all forms of life
Cell
The center of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons
Nucleus
Organelle that is the site of ATP production
Mitochondria
Organelles that capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy in photosynthesis
Chloroplasts
Network of membranous structures within the cell involved in protein and lipid synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Organelle that modifies, packages, and transports material out of the cell
Golgi Apparatus
Organelle that synthesizes proteins
Ribosome
Organelle that digests waste and damaged organelles
Lysosome
Deoxyribonucleic acid, genetic material of the cell that contains the information for protein synthesis
DNA
Ribonucleic acid, involved in protein synthesis
RNA
The study of heredity and variation in living organisms
Genetics
The transmission of traits from one generation to the next
Heredity
Change in the genetic material of a cell
Mutation
A unit of heredity on a chromosome
Gene
Different forms of a gene
Allele
Allele that is always expressed when present
Dominant
Allele that is only expressed when two copies are present
Recessive
Having two identical alleles for a particular gene
Homozygous
Having two different alleles for a particular gene
Heterozygous
All of an organism's genetic material
Genome
Genetic makeup of an organism
Genotype
Physical traits of an organism
Phenotype
Model used to predict the genetic outcome of a cross
Punnett Square
A form of inheritance where both alleles are fully expressed
Codominance
A form of inheritance where the phenotype is a blend of the parents
Incomplete Dominance
A gene located on a sex chromosome
Sex-linked
A chromosome not directly involved in determining sex
Autosome
Cellular division that results in haploid cells (gametes)
Meiosis
Cellular division that results in identical cells
Mitosis
The cell that forms by the union of an egg cell and a sperm cell
Zygote
Sex cell
Gamete
Any cell in a multicellular organism except the gametes
Somatic Cell
Organism with cells that contain nuclei and other organelles
Eukaryote
Unicellular organism lacking a nucleus
Prokaryote
Having a single set of chromosomes
Haploid
Having two sets of chromosomes
Diploid
A group of closely related classes (taxonomy)
Phylum
A group of closely related phyla (taxonomy)
Kingdom
The basic unit of biological classification
Species
Group of individuals of the same species living in the same area
Population
Study of interactions between organisms and their environment
Ecology
Community of organisms and their abiotic environment
Ecosystem
Related to life; includes all organisms
Biotic
Nonliving; includes climate, soil, water
Abiotic
The variety of life on Earth
Biodiversity
Change in species over time
Evolution
Species that is native to a particular region and found nowhere else
Endemic
Process of breaking down glucose to produce ATP
Cellular Respiration
Process by which plants convert light energy into glucose
Photosynthesis
Organisms that obtain energy from the sun or inorganic compounds
Producer
Organism that obtains energy by consuming other organisms
Consumer
Organism that breaks down and absorbs nutrients from dead organisms
Decomposer
Biological catalyst
Enzyme
Change in the DNA sequence
Mutation
The movement of materials against a concentration difference
Active Transport
Transport of substances across a cell membrane along a concentration gradient
Passive Transport
Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane
Osmosis
Threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information
Chromosome
Random changes in the frequency of alleles in a gene pool
Genetic Drift
Naturalist who developed the theory of natural selection
Charles Darwin
Mechanism by which individuals that have beneficial traits tend to survive and reproduce more successfully
Natural Selection
Individual's ability to survive and reproduce
Evolutionary Fitness
A polymer made of monomers of amino acids
Protein
Compound made up of carbon
Carbohydrate
Macromolecule made up of carbon and hydrogen; includes fats and oils
Lipid
Macromolecule that carries genetic information; includes DNA and RNA
Nucleic Acid
Chemical element with symbol O; necessary for cellular respiration
Oxygen
Chemical element with symbol C; basis for all life on earth
Carbon
Chemical element with symbol H; component of water
Hydrogen
Chemical element with symbol N; component of proteins and nucleic acids
Nitrogen
Process by which light energy is converted into chemical energy by green plants
Photosynthesis
Organism that can produce its own food
Autotroph
Organism that cannot produce its own food and must consume other organisms
Heterotroph
Interaction between organisms or species, where both are harmed
Competition
Interaction where one organism kills and eats another
Predation
Interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association
Symbiosis
Type of symbiosis where one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed
Commensalism
Type of symbiosis where both organisms benefit
Mutualism
Type of symbiosis where one organism benefits and the other is harmed
Parasitism
A large community of plants and animals that occupies a distinct region
Biome
The position an organism occupies in a food chain
Trophic Level
Diagram representing the flow of energy through each level in a feeding sequence
Food Chain
Graphic representation of relative energy, numbers or biomass values at successive trophic levels
Ecological Pyramid
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