Understand inheritance, DNA, and gene expression.
The basic unit of heredity that carries genetic information.
The molecule that contains the genetic instructions for life.
A different version of a gene.
The physical appearance or characteristics of an organism.
The genetic makeup of an organism.
An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait.
An organism that has two different alleles for a trait.
A trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents contributes it.
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The basic unit of heredity that carries genetic information.
Gene
The molecule that contains the genetic instructions for life.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
A different version of a gene.
Allele
The physical appearance or characteristics of an organism.
Phenotype
The genetic makeup of an organism.
Genotype
An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait.
Homozygous
An organism that has two different alleles for a trait.
Heterozygous
A trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents contributes it.
Dominant Trait
A trait that must be contributed by both parents in order to appear in the offspring.
Recessive Trait
States that allele pairs separate or segregate during gamete formation.
Law of Segregation
States that allele pairs separate independently during the formation of gametes.
Law of Independent Assortment
A type of biological inheritance that follows the principles originally proposed by Gregor Mendel.
Mendelian Inheritance
Cell structures that carry the genetic material that is copied and passed from generation to generation.
Chromosomes
A permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene.
Genetic Mutation
A molecule similar to DNA that plays a vital role in protein synthesis and other cell activities.
RNA
A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
Meiosis
A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.
Mitosis
A square diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment.
Punnett Square
The tendency of DNA sequences that are close together on a chromosome to be inherited together.
Genetic Linkage
A relationship between two versions of a gene where the individual displays traits from both alleles.
Codominance
A genetic situation in which one allele does not completely dominate another allele, resulting in a new phenotype.
Incomplete Dominance
Traits that are determined by genes located on sex chromosomes.
Sex-Linked Traits
The production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent.
Genetic Recombination
The variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population.
Genetic Drift
The utilization of genetic knowledge to develop new medical treatments and enhance biological technologies.
Applications of Genetics in Medicine and Biotechnology
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