Understand the movement of the Earth’s tectonic plates.
The theory that Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that move over the mantle.
The type of plate boundary where two plates move toward each other.
The type of plate boundary where two plates move apart from each other.
The type of plate boundary where two plates slide past each other horizontally.
The large supercontinent that existed about 300 million years ago.
The rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.
Convergent boundaries can cause the formation of mountain ranges.
At divergent boundaries, new crust is created by magma pushing upward and outward from the mantle.
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The theory that Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that move over the mantle.
Plate Tectonics
The type of plate boundary where two plates move toward each other.
Convergent Boundary
The type of plate boundary where two plates move apart from each other.
Divergent Boundary
The type of plate boundary where two plates slide past each other horizontally.
Transform Boundary
The large supercontinent that existed about 300 million years ago.
Pangaea
The rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.
Structure of Earth’s Lithosphere and Mantle
Convergent boundaries can cause the formation of mountain ranges.
Mountain Formation at Convergent Boundaries
At divergent boundaries, new crust is created by magma pushing upward and outward from the mantle.
Seafloor Spreading at Divergent Boundaries
Transform boundaries often result in earthquakes due to the sliding and locking of tectonic plates.
Transform Boundaries and Earthquakes
When two plates converge, the heavier one usually sinks beneath the other in a process known as subduction.
Subduction at Convergent Boundaries
Elevated areas of the seafloor where new oceanic crust is formed.
Mid-Ocean Ridges
The valleys formed due to the separation of tectonic plates at divergent boundaries.
Rift Valleys at Divergent Boundaries
Volcanoes are often formed at convergent boundaries where one plate subducts beneath another.
Volcano Formation and Plate Tectonics
The early 20th century hypothesis that the continents moved across the Earth's surface.
Alfred Wegener's Theory of Continental Drift
The movements of tectonic plates influence the location and frequency of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Tectonic Plates and Earth's Geological Activity
Hot spots are volcanic regions thought to be fed by underlying mantle that is anomalously hot compared with the mantle elsewhere.
Hot Spots and Volcanic Activity
Tectonic plates have been moving and shaping the Earth's surface for billions of years.
Movements of Plates Over Geological Time
Island arcs are curving series of volcanic islands that are created through the collision of tectonic plates at convergent boundaries.
Island Arcs at Convergent Boundaries
The three types are convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries.
Types of Tectonic Plate Boundaries
Most earthquakes occur at the boundaries of tectonic plates, where they come into contact.
Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes
Movement of tectonic plates has significantly influenced the geological features of Earth.
Plate Tectonics in Shaping Earth’s Surface
Deep underwater canyons created when an oceanic plate is subducted beneath another tectonic plate.
Ocean Trenches at Subduction Zones
The heat from the mantle causes convection currents, driving the movement of tectonic plates.
Plate Motion and Mantle Convection
There are several key pieces of evidence that support the theory of plate tectonics, such as fossils, geological features, and seafloor spreading.
Evidence Supporting Plate Tectonics
The movements of tectonic plates can indirectly influence climate patterns by shifting ocean and atmospheric currents.
Plate Tectonics and Earth's Climate Over Time
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