Learn about different types of minerals and rocks.
A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and crystalline struc...
The hardest known natural mineral, used in cutting tools and jewelry.
The rock type formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
The rock type formed from the accumulation and compaction of sediments.
The rock type formed by heat and pressure altering an existing rock.
A qualitative ordinal scale that characterizes the scratch resistance of various minerals.
A hard, crystalline mineral composed of silicon and oxygen atoms, known for its clear, glass-like...
A common rock-forming mineral, found in igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks.
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A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and crystalline structure.
Mineral
The hardest known natural mineral, used in cutting tools and jewelry.
Diamond
The rock type formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
Igneous Rock
The rock type formed from the accumulation and compaction of sediments.
Sedimentary Rock
The rock type formed by heat and pressure altering an existing rock.
Metamorphic Rock
A qualitative ordinal scale that characterizes the scratch resistance of various minerals.
Mohs Hardness Scale
A hard, crystalline mineral composed of silicon and oxygen atoms, known for its clear, glass-like appearance.
Quartz
A common rock-forming mineral, found in igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks.
Feldspar
A mineral name given to a group of minerals that are physically and chemically similar, known for their perfect basal cleavage.
Mica
Igneous rocks that form from cooled magma deep within the earth.
Intrusive Igneous Rocks
Igneous rocks that form at the earth's surface from lava.
Extrusive Igneous Rocks
The process by which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid rock.
Lithification
Increases reaction rates and triggers recrystallisation whereby new minerals, stable under high-temperature and pressure conditions, form.
Heat in Metamorphism
Causes deformation of solid rocks by folding and fracturing.
Pressure in Metamorphism
A basic concept in geology that describes the time-consuming transitions through geologic time among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous.
Rock Cycle
The tendency of a mineral to break along flat planar surfaces as determined by the structure of its crystal lattice.
Mineral Cleavage
The movement of weathered rocks and soil from their original location, a key process in the formation of sedimentary rocks.
Erosion in Rock Formation
Are applied in construction, industrial processes, decoration, scientific studies, and resource exploration.
Uses of Rocks and Minerals
Preserve a record of Earth’s history, including the evolution of life, extinctions, climate changes, and past environments.
Importance of Rocks
Is a unique arrangement of atoms or molecules in a crystalline liquid or solid.
Crystal Structure in Minerals
Metamorphic rocks with a layered or banded appearance that develops from the realignment of minerals under high temperature and pressure.
Foliated Metamorphic Rocks
Volcanic eruptions bring magma to earth’s surface, cooling and solidifying it into extrusive igneous rocks.
Volcanic Activity in Igneous Rock Formation
The process of replacing organic material in remains with minerals, often preserved in sedimentary rocks.
Fossilization in Sedimentary Rocks
Refers to the color of the mineral powder (streak) and the way the mineral reflects light from its surface (luster).
Mineral Streak and Luster
Include locating and extracting mineral resources like metals, coal, oil and natural gas.
Applications of Geology in Resource Exploration
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