Genetics 101

Practice studying for genetics class.

Sample Cards

Genotype

Genetic makeup of an organism

Phenotype

Physical expressions of an organism's genes

Allele

Variations of a gene

Dominant gene

An allele that masks the effect of a recessive gene

Recessive gene

An allele that is masked by a dominant gene

Homozygous

Having two identical alleles for a particular gene

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a particular gene

Mutation

Change in a DNA sequence

Genetics 101 Flashcards

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Genotype

Genetic makeup of an organism

Genetic makeup of an organism

Genotype

Phenotype

Physical expressions of an organism's genes

Physical expressions of an organism's genes

Phenotype

Allele

Variations of a gene

Variations of a gene

Allele

Dominant gene

An allele that masks the effect of a recessive gene

An allele that masks the effect of a recessive gene

Dominant gene

Recessive gene

An allele that is masked by a dominant gene

An allele that is masked by a dominant gene

Recessive gene

Homozygous

Having two identical alleles for a particular gene

Having two identical alleles for a particular gene

Homozygous

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a particular gene

Having two different alleles for a particular gene

Heterozygous

Mutation

Change in a DNA sequence

Change in a DNA sequence

Mutation

Chromosome

Structure of DNA and protein that contains part of the genetic material of a cell

Structure of DNA and protein that contains part of the genetic material of a cell

Chromosome

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DNA

RNA

Ribonucleic acid

Ribonucleic acid

RNA

Gene

A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or RNA molecule

A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or RNA molecule

Gene

Genomic sequencing

Process of determining the complete DNA sequence of an organism's genome at a single time

Process of determining the complete DNA sequence of an organism's genome at a single time

Genomic sequencing

Gene expression

Process by which information from a gene is used to create a functional product like a protein

Process by which information from a gene is used to create a functional product like a protein

Gene expression

Gene splicing

Method by which the introns are removed from the RNA transcripts and the remaining exons connected to form a continuous mRNA molecule

Method by which the introns are removed from the RNA transcripts and the remaining exons connected to form a continuous mRNA molecule

Gene splicing

Polygenic trait

A trait controlled by two or more genes

A trait controlled by two or more genes

Polygenic trait

Genetic linkage

The proximity of genes on the same chromosome and the likelihood of them being inherited together

The proximity of genes on the same chromosome and the likelihood of them being inherited together

Genetic linkage

Crossing over

A process occurring during meiosis where two chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of their genetic material

A process occurring during meiosis where two chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of their genetic material

Crossing over

Punnett square

Diagram used to predict the genetic outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment

Diagram used to predict the genetic outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment

Punnett square

Genetic drift

Variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population due to chance

Variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population due to chance

Genetic drift

Genetic variation

Diversity in gene frequencies

Diversity in gene frequencies

Genetic variation

Genetic disorder

A disease caused by abnormalities in an individual's genome

A disease caused by abnormalities in an individual's genome

Genetic disorder

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